What is endodontics? Common questions about root canal treatment
Why root canal treatment is needed, how it is done and what to watch out for afterward. What you should know about saving your tooth instead of having it pulled.
Updated: 9 November 2026 · 1 min read
Endodontics is the branch of dentistry that deals with the living tissue inside the tooth (the pulp) and the root canals. The best-known treatment in this field is root canal treatment. The aim is to clean out inflamed or dead tissue and keep the tooth in the mouth instead of extracting it.
When is root canal treatment needed?
Deep decay, a broken tooth, trauma and repeated procedures on the same tooth can inflame the pulp. Long-lasting pain after hot or cold, throbbing that gets worse at night, pain when biting, darkening of the tooth and swelling of the gum are the main signs. Sometimes it is found on an X-ray without any symptoms.
How is it done?
The tooth is numbed with local anesthesia. The inflamed tissue is cleaned out through a small opening in the top of the tooth; the canals are shaped, disinfected and filled with a sealing material. Measuring the canal length with an electronic device helps accuracy and reduces the need for extra X-rays. Finally, the tooth is closed with a filling or a crown.
How many visits does it take?
Many teeth can be finished in a single visit. For severely inflamed teeth, medication may be placed in the canals and a second visit planned.
Does root canal treatment hurt?
Treatment is done under local anesthesia. Afterward there may be mild tenderness when biting for a few days. Sedation is also available for people with strong anxiety.
How long does a root-canal-treated tooth last?
With a well-done root canal and a suitable restoration on top, the tooth can be used for many years. For back teeth that have lost a lot of structure, a crown is recommended to prevent fracture.
For the treatment process at our practice, read our root canal treatment page.
This article is for general information and does not replace an examination. The treatment that suits you is decided by your dentist after an examination.
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